VMS to UNIX Translation

        To ...                      VMS                     UNIX
        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        display list of files       DIRECTORY               ls
                                    DIRECTORY/FULL          ls -l
        display contents of file    TYPE                    cat
        display file with pauses    TYPE/PAGE               more, less
        display first few lines of file                     head
        display last  few lines of file                     tail
        copy file                   COPY                    cp
        find string in file         SEARCH                  grep
                                                            fgrep
        compare files               DIFF                    diff
                                                            cmp
        rename file                 RENAME                  mv
        delete file or directory    DELETE                  rm
                                                            rmdir
        change file protection      SET FILE/PROT           chmod
        change file ownership       SET FILE/OWNER          chown
                                                            chgrp
        create directory            CREATE/DIR              mkdir
        change working directory    SET DEFAULT             cd
        display working directory   SHOW DEFAULT            pwd
        get help                    HELP                    man
                                                            apropos
        display date and time       SHOW TIME               date
        display free disk space     SHOW DEV                df
        stop process                STOP                    kill
        link program modules        LINK                    ld
        print file                  PRINT                   lpr
        display print queue         SHOW QUEUE              lpq
        display print entries       SHOW ENTRY              lpq
        change password             SET PASSWORD            passwd
        display logged-in users     SHOW USERS              who
                                                            finger
                                                            w
        display processes           SHOW PROCESS            ps
        change terminal settings    SET TERMINAL            stty
        talk to another user        PHONE                   talk
        disable messages            SET NOBROADCAST         mesg n